An analysis of hydraulic characteristics of stepped boulder fishway installed in mountain stream

Ki Heung Kim

doi:10.3741/JKWRA.2022.55.1.99

All Issue

2022 Vol.55, Issue 1 Preview Page

Research Article

An analysis of hydraulic characteristics of stepped boulder fishway installed in mountain stream 산지하천에 설치된 계단식 전석 어도의 수리 특성 분석

31 January 2022. pp. 99-109

PDF XML

Abstract

This study was intended to suggest the applicability of stepped boulder fishway using the concept of traditional boulder weir, focusing on the problems of existing concrete pool-and-weir fishways installed in mountain streams. To achieve this purpose, a stepped boulder fishway was designed and constructed as a pilot project in consideration of ascending capacity of the selected target fishes. Under the given discharge conditions, the hydraulic characteristics of the fishway were investigated in the field, and the characteristics and ascending capacity of the fishes were compared and analyzed. The fishway had a short length and steep slope, but the mean drops between each baffle were the range of 0.15 to 0.29 m, and this range satisfied the limit condition of about 0.40 m, which was in the limit of the drop that target fishes can ascend. The mean velocities of each baffle and pool were 0.82 to 0.87 m/sec and 0.13 to 0.24 m/sec. This result satisfied the conditions of burst speed (10 to 30 times of body length) and mean velocity of the resting pool (7 to 25% of burst speed) for target fishes. Since the bottom surface of the pool formed of boulders had a gentle reverse slope and rotational flow did not occur, the efficiency of fishway can be increased, and it will also be possible to solve the maintenance problem by flushing bed materials.

Keywords

Pool-and-weir fishway

Ascending capacity

Target fishes

Burst speed

Resting pool

본 연구는 산지하천에 설치된 기존의 콘크리트 계단식 어도의 문제점에 착안하여 전통적인 돌보의 개념을 응용한 계단식 전석 어도의 적용성을 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 선정된 대표어종의 소상능력을 고려하여 계단식 전석 돌보를 설계, 시공하였다. 현장측정을 통하여 주어진 유량조건 하에서 어도의 수리특성을 조사하고 대표어종의 소상능력과 비교, 분석하였다. 어도의 길이가 짧고 급경사인 구조이지만, 각 배플 사이의 평균낙차가 0.15~0.29 m 범위였으며, 이 범위는 대표어종이 소상할 수 있는 낙차의 한계조건인 약 0.40 m를 만족시킬 수 있었다. 각 배플과 풀의 평균유속은 0.82~0.87 m/sec와 0.13~0.24 m/sec 이었다. 이 결과는 대표어종이 소상 가능한 돌진속도(체장의 10~30 배)와 휴식처 평균유속(돌진속도의 7~25%)의 조건을 충족시켰다. 전석으로 형성된 풀의 바닥면이 완만한 역경사면으로 되어 회전류가 발생하지 않기 때문에 어도의 효율을 증가시킬 수 있고, 또한 토사퇴적을 차단하여 어도의 유지관리 문제점을 해소할 수 있을 것이다.

키워드

계단식 어도

소상능력

목표어종

돌진속도

휴게풀

References

Atsushi, N., Masahiro, G., and Hiroyasu, K. (2008). "Flow structure and swimming behavior of Leuciscus Hakonensis at pool-and-weir type fishway with slope 1/5." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE, Vol. 52, pp. 1189-1194. 10.2208/prohe.52.1189

Bainbridge, R. (1960). "Speed and stamina in three fish." Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 37, pp. 129-153. 10.1242/jeb.37.1.129

Beamish, F.W.H. (1978). "Swimming capacity." Fish physiology, Edited by Hoar, W.S., and Randall, D.J., Vol. 7, Academic Press, London, pp. 101-187. 10.1016/S1546-5098(08)60164-8

Bell, M.C. (1973). Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements and biological criteria. Fisheries Engineering Research Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Portland, OR, U.S., pp. 51-59.

Blaxter, J.H.S. (1969). "Swimming speeds in fish." Proceedings of the FAO Conference on Fish Behaviour in relation to Fishing Techniques and Tactics, Bergen, Norway, pp. 69-100.

Izumi, M., Kudo, A., and Azuma, N. (2000). "A field on flow characteristics and ascending of fishes in Ice-Harbor type fishway of Mitumenai headworks." Journal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering, Vol.18, No. 2, pp. 169-178.

Izumi, M., Takaya, D., Kudo, A., and Azuma, N. (2002). "The ascending characteristics of fishes in the wall of Ice-Harbor type fishway of Akaishi-The number 2 Headworks on The Akaishi River." Transactions of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering, No. 217, pp. 55-63. 10.2208/prohe.47.763

Izumi, M., Yamamoto Y., Yataya, K., and Kamiyama, K. (2009). "Burst speed of wild fishes under high-velocity flow conditions using stamina tunnel with natural guidance system in river." Irrigation, Dranage and Rural Engineering Journal, No. 261, pp. 73-82.

Izumi, M., Yataya, K., Azuma, N., Kudo, A., and Kato, K. (2007). "On-site swimming experiment of burst speed of Pale Chub with a stamina tunnel using natural river down-flow water." Proceedings of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE, Vol. 51, pp. 1285-1290. 10.2208/prohe.51.1285

Kim, J. H., and Kim, C. (1994). "Study on hydraulic characteristics for upstream migration of fish in a poo-and-weir fishway." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 63-72.

Kim, K.H., Lee, H.R., and Jung, H.R. (2016). "Improvement study of river-crossing structures in Geyongnam prefecture." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 809-821. 10.3741/JKWRA.2016.49.10.809

Kouki, O., Juichiro, A., Akiyoshi, Y., and Yohei, I. (2008). "Variation of burst speed of Zacco Platypus with changing body length and flow velocity." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering), Vol. 52, pp. 1183-1188. 10.2208/prohe.52.1183

Lee, H.R., Kim, K.H.., and Jung, H.R.. (2016). "A study on improvement of existing fishways - Focusing on fishways located at downstream of Eastern coast rivers in Korea." Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology, Vol. 19, No.4, pp. 61-79. 10.13087/kosert.2016.19.4.61

Masayuki, F., and Ayako, F. (2009). "A simple estimation of flow Structure in a fan-shaped fishway." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 29-33. 10.7132/jrcsa.KJ00005284806

Ministry of Environment (ME) (2021). Korea, accessed 13 August 2021, <http://www.wamis.go.kr>.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) (2021). accessed on 12 September 2021, <https://www.mlit.go.jp>river>sakana_tebiki>.

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTM) (2011). Dam design standard. Korea Water Resources Association, pp. 199-202.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) (2019). Rivers design standard. Korea Water Resources Association, pp. 427-450.

Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) (2021). Fishway information system. accessed on 28 August 2021, <http://www.fishway.go.kr>.

Nakamura, S. (1995). The story of fishways. Sankaido, Japan, pp. 141-158.

Onitsuka, K., Akiyama, J., Yamamoto, A., and Iiguni, Y. (2008). "Variation of burst speed of zacco platypus with changing body length and flow velocity." Proceedings of hydraulic engineering, JSCE, Vol. 52, pp. 1285-1290. 10.2208/prohe.52.1183

Park, S.D. (2001). "Assessment of ascending capacity of migratory fish in fishway by eco-hydraulic experiment (Ⅱ) - Pool and weir type fishway -." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 381-390.

Park, S.D., Shin, S.S., Ahn, H.Y., Ma, S.B., and Hwang, C.S. (2004). "An assessment of ascending functions of the pool-and-weir fishway at Jamsil weir in the Han River." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 37, No. 74, pp. 541-552. 10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.7.541

Rajaratnam, N., Katopodis, C., and Mainali, A. (1988). "Plunging and streaming flows in pool and weir fishways." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, pp. 939-944. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:8(939)

Washington State (WDFW) (2000). Fishway guideline for Washington State. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, WA, U.S., pp. 22-26.

Webb, P.W. (1994). Mechanics and physiology of animal swimming. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, U.S., pp. 45-62. 10.1017/CBO9780511983641.0058299331

Information

Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
Volume : 55
No :1
Pages :99-109
Received Date : 2021-11-30
Revised Date : 2022-01-06
Accepted Date : 2022-01-06
DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2022.55.1.99

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association ISSN:2799-8746(Print) 2799-8754(Online) 한국수자원학회 논문집

All Issue