All Issue

2025 Vol.58, Issue 6 Preview Page

Research Article / 우수학생논문상

Pedestrian stability assessment and applicability analysis based on human model experiments in inundated flows

인체모형 실험을 통한 침수 흐름 내 보행 안정성 평가 및 적용 가능성 분석

Minjae Kima
,
Joungjun Parkb
,
Ilwha Leec
,
Inhwan Parkd*
김 민재a
,
박 정준b
,
이 일화c
,
박 인환d*
aGraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
bSenior Researcher, Advanced Railroad Civil Engineering Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, Korea
cChief Researcher, Advanced Railroad Civil Engineering Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, Korea
dAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
a서울과학기술대학교 건설시스템공학과 석사과정
b한국철도기술연구원 첨단궤도토목본부 수석연구원
c한국철도기술연구원 첨단궤도토목본부 선임연구원
d서울과학기술대학교 건설시스템공학과 조교수
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2025. pp. 459-468
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Frequent occurrences of heavy rainfall caused by climate change have increased the risk of urban and underground space flooding, posing significant threats to pedestrian safety in subway stations. This study conducted lab-scale experiments to derive pedestrian stability conditions on subway platforms under flooding events. To demonstrate the toppling accident of a human body due to inundation flow, a human body model was designed considering mass similitude. By varying the inundation flow conditions, the flow conditions causing a toppling accident were determined, and based on these results, the relationship between walking threshold velocity and water depth (U-H relationship) was derived. The U-H relationship demonstrated a nonlinear decrease in inundation depth with increasing flow velocity. These findings can be utilized to quantitatively assess the threshold conditions by which toppling accidents occur as flow velocity increases. The applicability of the U-H relationship derived from laboratory-scale experiments to real-world inundation flow conditions was evaluated by comparing it with prototype experiments. Compared to previous experiments using human body models, this study presented more appropriate U-H relationship for pedestrian stability.

Keywords
Subway platform
Inundation flow
Human model
Pedestrian instability
U-H relationship

기후 변화로 인한 집중 강우의 빈번한 발생은 도시 및 지하 공간의 침수 위험을 증가시키며, 지하철역과 같은 지하 공간에서 보행자의 안전성을 심각하게 위협한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 침수 상황에서 지하철 플랫폼 내 보행자의 보행 안정성을 평가하기 위한 보행 한계 조건 도출을 위한 실험을 수행했다. 실험실 규모에서 침수 흐름에 의해 인체가 균형을 잃고 넘어지는 현상을 재현하기 위해 질량 상사(mass similitude)를 고려한 인체모형을 제작했다. 침수 흐름 조건을 변화시키며 인체모형이 넘어지는 흐름조건을 도출하였으며, 이 결과로부터 보행 한계 유속-수심 관계(U-H 관계)를 제시했다. U-H 관계로부터 유속 증가에 따라 보행 한계 수심이 비선형적으로 감소하는 경향을 보여주며, 이 결과는 보행자가 유속 증가에 따라 안정성을 잃는 조건을 정량적으로 평가하는데 활용 가능하다. 실험실 규모에서 도출된 U-H 관계의 실제 침수 흐름 상황에 대한 적용 가능성 평가를 위해 실규모 보행 안전 실험 결과와 비교하였으며, 기존 인체모형 실험 결과와 비교하여 실제 보행 한계 흐름 조건을 더 적절하게 제시했다.

키워드
지하철 플랫폼
침수 흐름
인체모형
보행 안정성
U-H 관계
References
1

Abt, S.R., Wittier, R.J., Taylor, A., and Love, D.J. (1989). "Human stability in a high flood hazard zone." Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 881-890.

10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05404.x
2

Arrighi, C., Oumeraci, H., and Castelli, F. (2017). "Hydrodynmcis of pedestrians' instability in flood waters." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 515-531.

10.5194/hess-21-515-2017
3

Arrighi. C., Pregnolato, M., Dawson, R.J., and Castelli, F. (2019). "Preparedness against mobility disruption by floods." Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 654, pp. 1010-1022.

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.19130841375
4

Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Environment Agency (EA) (2006). Flood risks to people (Phase 2): Methodology. Defra Report, London, UK.

5

Drillis, R., Contini, R., and Bluestein, M. (1964). Body segment parameters: A survey of measurement techniques. Research Report, Research Division, School of Engineering and Science, New York University, New York, NY, U.S., pp. 22-24.

6

Forero-Ortiz, E., Martinez-Gomariz, E., and Canas Porcuna, M. (2020). "A review of flood impact assessment approaches for underground infrastructures in urban areas: A focus on transport systems." Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 65, No. 11, pp. 1943-1955.

10.1080/02626667.2020.1784424
7

He, R., Tiong, R.L.K., Yuan, Y., and Zhang, L. (2024). "Enhancing resilience of urban underground space under floods : Current status and future directions." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 147, 105674.

10.1016/j.tust.2024.105674
8

Ishigaki, T., Asai, Y., Nakahata, Y., Shimada, H., Bada, Y., and Toda, K. (2010). "Evacuation of aged persons from inundated underground space." Water Science and Technology, Vol. 62, No. 8, pp. 1807-1812.

10.2166/wst.2010.45520962396
9

Jonkman, S.N., and Penning-Rowsell, E.C. (2008). "Human instability in flood flows." Journal fo the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 1208-1218.

10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00217.x
10

Liu, J., Zheng, W., Li, H., and Chen, J. (2023). "Evaluation of flooding disaster risks for subway stations based on the PSR cloud model." Sustainability, Vol. 15, 15552.

10.3390/su152115552
11

Martel, J.L., Brissette. F.P., Lucas-Picher, P., Troion, M., and Arsenault, R. (2021). "Climate change and rainfall intensity-duration- frequency curves: Overview of science and guidelines for adaptation." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 10, 03121001.

10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002122
12

Martinez-Gomariz, E., Gomez, M., and Russo, B. (2016). "Experimental study of the stability of pedestrians exposed to urban pluvial flooding." Natural Hazards, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 1259- 1278.

10.1007/s11069-016-2242-z
13

Milanesi, L., Pilotti, M., and Ranzi, R. (2015). "A conceptual model of people's vulnerability to floods." Water Resources Research, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 182-197.

10.1002/2014WR016172
14

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Trasnport (MOLIT) (2018). Design guidelines for urban rail transit stations and trasfer facilities (Revised Edition). MOLIT Notification No. 2018- 199, pp. 32-37.

15

National Health Insurance Sercive (NHIS) (2022). 2022 National health screening statistical yearbook.

16

Postacchini, M., Bernardini, G., D'Oraazio, M., and Quagliarini, E. (2021). "Human stability during floods: Experimental tests on a physical model simulating human body." Safety Science, Vol. 137, 105153.

10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105153
17

Shin, E., Kim, H.J., Rhee, D.S., Eom, T., and Song, C.G. (2021). "Spatiotemporal flood risk assessment fo underground space considering flood intensity and escape route." Natural Hazards, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 1539-1555.

10.1007/s11069-021-04888-2
18

Shirvani, M., and Kesserwani, G. (2021). "Flood-pedestrian simulator for modeling human response dynamics during flood- induced evacuation: Hillsborough stadium case study." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 11, pp. 3175- 3198.

10.5194/nhess-21-3175-2021
19

Tang, Y., Zhou, T., Zhong, Y., Hu, S., Lin, J., Lin, Z., Liu, H., Liu, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., and Lin, H. (2022). "Risk assessment for critical flood height of pedestrian escape in subway station." Water, Vol. 14, 3409.

10.3390/w14213409
20

Torsvik, T., Dysthe, K., and Pedersen, G. (2006). "Influence of variable Foude number on waves generated by ships in shallow water." Physics of Fluids, Vol. 18, 062102.

10.1063/1.2212988
21

Xia, J., Falconer, R.A., Wang, Y., and Xiao, X. (2014). "New criterion for the stability of a human body in floodwaters." Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 93-104.

10.1080/00221686.2013.875073
22

Yang, S.Y., Chen, W.T., Lin, C.H., Chang, L.F., Fang, W.T., and Jhong, B.C. (2023) "Adaptation strategy with public space for pluvial flood risk mitigation in a densely populated city : A case study in Huwei, Taiwan." Journal of Hydrulic Research, Vol. 48, 101452.

10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101452
23

Zhu, Q, Wu, X., Chen, Y., and Li, B. (2023). "Hydrodynamic instability of human body models in urban flooding scenarios." Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 527-539.

Information
  • Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
  • Volume : 58
  • No :6
  • Pages :459-468
  • Received Date : 2025-02-05
  • Revised Date : 2025-04-01
  • Accepted Date : 2025-04-03
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2025.58.6.459
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea Water Resources Association Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
Online Submission
Archives
  • scopus
  • KCI-수자원
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close