Deriving factors affecting water quality using multivariate statistical analysis in the Jamsil reach of the Han River

Sunhwa Choi; Seojin Kang

doi:10.3741/JKWRA.2026.59.1.65

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2026 Vol.59, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Deriving factors affecting water quality using multivariate statistical analysis in the Jamsil reach of the Han River 다변량 통계분석을 이용한 한강 잠실수역의 수질영향 요인 도출

31 January 2026. pp. 65-76

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Abstract

This study applied ANOVA, PCA, and factor analysis to identify the water quality characteristics and influencing factors in the Jamsil reach of the Han River. The PD and JS sites exhibited average water quality within Class Ia~Ib of the river water quality standards, while the NRJ site fell into Class II. At the JS and NRJ sites, total coliforms contamination increased significantly during the rainy season, necessitating management measures. Five principal components were extracted through PCA. The contribution rates to water quality were 25.6% for Factor 1, 19.9% for Factor 2, 13.8% for Factor 3, 11.8% for Factor 4, and 9.2% for Factor 5, with a cumulative contribution of 80.3%. Factor 1 was strongly associated with dam discharge, streamflow, rainfall, SS, TP, and total coliform. Factor 2 was correlated with water temperature, TN, DO, and EC. Factor 3 was related to BOD, pH, and TOC. Factor 4 was linked to population and water level, while Factor 5 was correlated with COD. For effective water quality management in the lower Han River, it is necessary to block the inflow of non-point source pollutants and refractory substances, strengthen the management of effluents from sewage treatment plants, and increase dam discharge to maintain adequate flow during dry seasons.

Keywords

Han River

Water quality

Multivariate statistical analysis

Principal component analysis

Factor analysis

본 연구는 한강 잠실수역의 수질특성과 수질영향 요인을 규명하기 위해 일원분산분석(ANOVA), 주성분분석, 요인분석을 실시하였다. PD와 JS 지점의 평균 수질은 하천 수질환경기준 Ia～Ib 등급에 해당하였으며, NRJ 지점은 II등급으로 나타났다. 우기에는 JS과 NRJ 지점에서 총대장균군 오염도가 크게 증가하여 이에 대한 관리대책이 필요하였다. PCA 결과 5개의 주성분이 도출되었으며, 각 요인의 기여율은 요인 1이 25.6%, 요인 2가 19.9%, 요인 3이 13.8%, 요인 4가 11.8%, 요인 5가 9.2%로 나타났고, 누적기여율은 80.3%였다. 요인 1은 댐 방류량, 유량, 강수량, SS, TP, 총대장균군과 높은 관련성을 보였으며, 요인 2는 수온, TN, DO, EC. 요인 3은 BOD, pH, TOC, 요인 4는 인구수와 수위, 요인 5는 COD와 연관성이 높았다. 한강 하류의 수질관리를 위해서는 유역의 비점오염물질 및 난분해성 오염물질 유입 차단, 하수처리장 방류수 관리 강화, 건기에 적정 수량 확보를 위한 댐 방류량 조절 및 확대가 필요하다.

키워드

한강

수질

다변량 통계분석

주성분 분석

요인분석

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Information

Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
Volume : 59
No :1
Pages :65-76
Received Date : 2025-10-29
Revised Date : 2025-11-20
Accepted Date : 2025-11-24
DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2026.59.1.65

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association ISSN:2799-8746(Print) 2799-8754(Online) 한국수자원학회 논문집

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