Hydrologic evaluation of SWAT considered forest type using MODIS LAI data: a case of Yongdam Dam watershed

Daeyoung Han; Jiwan Lee; Wonjin Kim; Seungchul Baek; Seongjoon Kim

doi:10.3741/JKWRA.2021.54.11.875

All Issue

2021 Vol.54, Issue 11 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Hydrologic evaluation of SWAT considered forest type using MODIS LAI data: a case of Yongdam Dam watershed MODIS LAI 자료를 활용하여 임상별로 고려한 SWAT의 수문 평가: 용담댐유역을 대상으로

30 November 2021. pp. 875-889

PDF XML

Abstract

This study compares and analyzes the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) as coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest with Yongdam Dam upstream (904.4 km²). The hydrologic evaluation period was set to 10 years from 2010 to 2019, and the applicability of the 8-day MOD15A2 Leaf Area Index (LAI) data, 3 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) (GB, JC, CC), and 1 Flux Tower (DU) evaporation volume (YDD) data was simulated. As a result, the R² of coniferous forest, deciduous forest and mixed forest are 0.95, 0.89, 0.90, soil moisture and evaportranspiration stations R² were analyzed at 0.50 to 0.55 and 0.51, respectively, with R² at 0.74, RMSE 2.75 mm/day, NSE 0.70 and PBIAS 14.3% for Yongdam inflow. Based on the calibrated and validated watersheds, the annual average evaportranspiration was calculated as coniferous 469.7 mm, deciduous 501. mm and 511.5 mm mixed forest, total runoff were estimated at coniferous 909.8 mm, deciduous 860.6 mm and 864.2 mm mixed forest. In the case of annual average evaportranspiration, it was evaluated that deciduous were high, but in the case of streamflow, it was evaluated that coniferous were high. Unlike other hydrologic with similar patterns throughout the year, the average annual evapotranspiration was about 7% higher than coniferous due to the higher evapotranspiration of deciduous with high leaf area index in summer and fall. In addition, deciduous were 9% and 6% higher for surface runoff and lateral flow, but the groundwater of coniferous was 77% higher. Therefore, it was confirmed that the total runoff was in order of coniferous, mixed forest, and deciduous.

Keywords

Forest type

Evapotranspiration

Soil moisture

Leaf area index

SWAT

MOD15A2

본 연구는 용담댐 유역(904.4 km²)을 대상으로 준분포형 장기유출 모델인 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)과 Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)의 엽면적지수 위성자료를 활용하여 임상별로 수문에 미치는 영향을 비교 및 분석하였다. 수문 평가 기간은 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년으로 설정하였으며, 8일 간격의 MOD15A2 LAI (Leaf Area Index)자료, 토양수분 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) 관측소 3개소(GB, JC, CC), 증발산량 Flux Tower 1개소(DU)와 용담댐(YDD) 유입량 자료를 SWAT 모의결과와 비교하여 적용성을 검토하였다. 검·보정 결과, 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림 LAI의 R²는 각각 0.95, 0.89, 0.90이며, 토양수분 및 증발산량 관측소 R²는 각각 0.50 ~ 0.55, 0.51로 분석되었으며, 용담댐 유입량의 경우 R²의 경우 0.74, RMSE 2.75 mm/day, NSE 0.70, PBIAS 14.3 %로 분석되었다. 검·보정된 유역을 기반으로 하여 HRU에서 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림 수문분석 결과 총 연평균 증발산량은 침엽수 469.7 mm 이며, 활엽수는 501.0 mm, 혼효림의 경우 511.5 mm로 산정되었으며, 유출량은 침엽수 909.8 mm, 활엽수 860.6 mm, 혼효림 864.2 mm로 산정되었다. 연중 패턴이 비슷한 다른 수문과 다르게 여름과 가을에 엽면적지수가 높은 활엽수의 증발산량이 침엽수에 비해 높아 연평균 증발산량이 약 7% 높게 산정되었다. 또한, 유출량의 경우 지표유출 및 중간유출의 경우 활엽수가 각각 9%, 6% 높았으나, 침엽수의 기저유출이 77% 더 높은 것으로 산정됐다. 따라서, 총유출량이 침엽수 혼효림 활엽수 순으로 많은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

키워드

임상별

증발산량

토양수분

엽면적지수

SWAT

MOD15A2

References

Ahn, S.R., Park, G.A., Jang, C.H., and Kim, S.J. (2013). "Assessment of climate change impact on evapotranspiration and soil moisture in a mixed forest catchment using spatially calibrated SWAT Model." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 569-583. 10.3741/JKWRA.2013.46.6.569

Arnold, J.G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R.S., and Williams, J.R. (1998). "Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development 1." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 73-89. 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.x

Barbosa, J., Fernandes, A., Lima, A., and Assis, L. (2019). "The influence of spatial discretization on HEC-HMS modelling: A case study." International Journal of Hydrology, Medcrave, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 442-449. 10.15406/ijh.2019.03.00209

Beatty, S.H., and Smith, J.E. (2010). "Fractional wettability and contact angle dynamics in burned water repellent soils." Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, Vol. 391, pp. 97-108. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.007

Bosch, J.M., and Hewlett, J.D. (1982). "A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration." Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, Vol. 55, No. 1-4, pp. 3-23. 10.1016/0022-1694(82)90117-2

Boussetta, S.H., Balsamo, G.P., Beljaars, A.T., Kral, T.M., and Jarlan, L.N. (2013). "Impact of a satellite-derived leaf area index monthly climatology in a global numerical weather prediction model." International Journal of Remote Sensing, Taylor&Francis, Vol. 34, No. 9-10, pp. 3520-3542. 10.1080/01431161.2012.716543

Butzen, V., Seeger, M., Marruedo, A., Jonge, L.D., Wengel, R., Rise, J.B., and Casper, M.C. (2015). "Water repellency under coniferous and deciduous forest - Experimental assessment and impact on overland flow." Catena, Elsevier, Vol. 133, pp. 255-265. 10.1016/j.catena.2015.05.022

Fang, H., Baret, F., Plummer, S., and Schaepman S.G. (2019). "An overview of global leaf area index (LAI): methods, products, validation, and applications." Reviews of Geophysics, AGU, Vol. 57, No. 3, 739-799. 10.1029/2018RG000608

Ha, R., Shin, H.J., Park, M.J., and Kim, S.J. (2010). " Comparison of hydrology responses by two different satellite remotely sensed leaf area indices in a mountainous watershed of South Korea." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Springer, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 785-796. 10.1007/s12205-010-0882-1

Hibbert, A.R. (1967). "Forest treatment effects on water yield." Asheville: coweeta hydrologic laboratory, southeastern forest experiment station. Hydrology, Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 813.

Joh, H.K., Lee, J.W., Park, M.J., Shin, H.J., Yi, J.E., Kim, G.S., Srinivasan, R., and Kim, S.J. (2011). "Assessing climate change impact on hydrological components of a small forest watershed through SWAT calibration of evapotranspiration and soil moisture." American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, ASABE, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 1773-1781. 10.13031/2013.39844

Kim, C.G.., and Kim, N.W. (2004). "Assessment of forest vegetation effect on water balance in a watershed." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, KSCE, Vol. 37, No. 9, pp. 737-744. 10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.9.737

Kim, K.H., Jeong, Y.H., Jeong, C.G., Jun, J.H., and Yoo, J.Y. (2003). "The impacts of forest type on peak flows in long-term hydrological data at three small forested catchments." Jounal of the Korean Society of Forest Science, KFS, Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 462-469.

Kim, Y.H., and Jeong, Y.H. (2006). "Variations of annual evapotranspiration and discharge in three different forest-type catchments, Gyeonggido, South Korea." Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, KSAFM, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 174-182.

Kosugi, Y., and Katsuyama, M. (2007). "Evapotranspiration over a Japanese cypress forest. II. Comparison of the eddy covariance and water budget methods." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 334, pp. 305-311. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.025

Lai, G.Y., Luo, J.J., Li, Q.Y., Qiu, L., Pan, R.X., Zeng, X.G., Zhang, L.L., and Yi, F.H. (2020). "Modification and validation of the SWAT model based on multi-plant growth mode, a case study of the Meijiang River Basin, China." Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, Vol. 585, pp. 381-389. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124778

Lee, Y.G., Kim, S.H., Ahn, S.R., Choi, M.H., Lim, K.S., and KIm, S.J. (2015). "Estimation of spatial evapotranspiration using terra MODIS satellite image and SEBAL model - A case of Yongdam Dam watershed-." Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic, KAGIS, Vol. 18, No.1, pp. 90-104. 10.11108/kagis.2015.18.1.090

Liu, Z., Yu, X., and Jia, G. (2019). "Water uptake by coniferous and broad-leaved forest in arocky mountainous area of northern China." Agricultual and forest Meteorology, ELSEVIER, Vol. 265, pp. 381-389. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.036

Marek, G.W., Gowda, P.H., Marek, T.H., Porter, D.O., Baumhardt, R.L., and Brauer, D.K. (2017). "Modeling long-term water use of irrigated cropping rotations in the Texas High Plains using SWAT." Irrigation Science, Springer, Vol. 35, No. 25, pp. 111-123. 10.1007/s00271-016-0524-6

Monteith, J.L. (1965)." Evaporation and environment." Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology. ROTHAMSTED. Vol. 19, pp. 205-234.

Moriasi, D.N., Gitau, M.W., Pai, N., and Daggupati, P. (2015). "Hydrologic and water quality models: Performance measures and evaluation criteria." Transactions of the ASABE, ASABE, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 1763-1785. 10.13031/trans.58.10715

Neitsch, S.L., Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R., and Williams, J.R. (2001). Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation version 2000. TWRI Report TR-191, Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX, U.S.

Neitsch, S.L., Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R., and Williams, J.R. (2011). Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Theoretical documentation, version 2009. TWRI Report TR-191, Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, TX, U.S.

Penman, H.L. (1948). "Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Vol. 193, No. 1032, pp. 120-145. 10.1098/rspa.1948.003718865817

Shin, H.J., Park, M.J., Lee, J.W., Lim, H.J., and Kim, S.J. (2019). "Evaluation of the effects of climate change on forest watershed hydroecology using the RHESSys model: Seolmacheon catchment." Paddy and Water Environment, CrossMark, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 581-595. 10.1007/s10333-018-00683-1

Yan, K., Pu, J., Park, T., Xu, B., Zeng, Y., Yan, G., Weiss, M., Knyazikhin, Y.R., and Myneni, R.B. (2021). "Performance stability of the MODIS and VIIRS LAI algorithms inferred from analysis of long time series of products." Remote Sensing of Environment, ELSEVIER, Vol. 260, 112438. 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112438

Yang, Z., Hou, F., Cheng, J., and Zhang., Y. (2021). "Modeling the effect of different forest types on water balance in the three gorges reservoir area in China, with coupmodel" Water, MDPI, Vol. 13, No. 5, p. 654. 10.3390/w13050654

Information

Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
Volume : 54
No :11
Pages :875-889
Received Date : 2021-07-26
Revised Date : 2021-08-25
Accepted Date : 2021-08-25
DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2021.54.11.875

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association ISSN:2799-8746(Print) 2799-8754(Online) 한국수자원학회 논문집

All Issue