All Issue

2024 Vol.57, Issue 2 Preview Page

Research Article

Stratified features in Paldang lake considering induced density currents and seasonal thermal effect

유입하천 밀도와 계절별 수온을 고려한 팔당호 성층 해석

Suin Choia
,
Dongsu Kimb*
,
Ilwon Seoc
최 수인a
,
김 동수b*
,
서 일원c
aMaster’s Course, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
bProfessor, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
cEmeritus Professor, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
a단국대학교 토목환경공학과 석사과정
b단국대학교 토목환경공학과 교수
c서울대학교 건설환경공학부 명예교수
*Corresponding Author
29 February 2024. pp. 99-110
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Paldang Reservoir serves as a crucial water source for the metropolitan area, and national efforts are focused on water quality management. The region near Paldang Dam, where the water intake facility with the greatest depth is located, experiences vertical stratification during the summer. It has been challenging to definitively classify whether this stratification is caused by density currents or summer temperatures. This study aimed to differentiate and analyze stratification due to density currents and temperature variations at key locations in the Paldang Reservoir through vertical water quality measurements. The results allowed us to distinguish between density current and temperature-induced stratification. We found that density currents are primarily caused by temperature differences among inflowing rivers, with flow velocity significantly influencing their persistence. Additionally, based on a combination of monsoon and non-monsoon season characteristics, we classified Paldang Reservoir into regions with distinct river and lake traits.

Keywords
Stratification
Density current
Electrical conductivity
Paldang
Water quality measurement

팔당호 취수장은 수도권 주민에게 상수원을 공급하는 주요 취수장으로, 상수원의 수질 관리를 위해 국가 차원에서 노력을 기울이고 있다. 팔당댐 취수장 인근의 수심이 가장 깊은 지역은 여름철에 연직 방향으로 성층이 발견되는데, 성층의 원인이 밀도류에 의한 것인지 여름철 기온에 의한 것인지 명확하게 분류하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호 주요 지점의 연직 수질 측정을 통해 밀도류에 의한 성층과 기온에 의한 성층을 분류하고, 발생 원인을 분석하였다. 연구 결과로는 밀도류와 기온에 의한 성층을 구분하였으며, 밀도류의 형성은 유입 하천 간 수온 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 확인되었지만, 밀도류의 지속 거리는 유속에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 갈수기와 풍수기 혼합 특성을 기반으로 하천형과 호소형 특성을 가진 지역으로 팔당호를 분류하였다.

키워드
성층
밀도류
전기전도도
팔당호
수질 계측
References
1
Best, J.L., and Roy, A.G. (1991). "Mixing-layer distortion at the confluence of channels of different depth." Nature, Vol. 350, No. 6317, pp. 411-413. 10.1038/350411a0
2
Biron, P., Best, J.L., and Roy, A.G. (1996). "Effects of bed discordance on flow dynamics at river channel confluences." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 122, pp. 676-682. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:12(676)
3
Bradbrook, K.F., Lane, S.N., Richards, K.S., Biron, P.M., and Roy, A.G. (2001). "Role of bed discordance at asymmetrical river confluences." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 127, No. 5, pp. 351-368. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:5(351)
4
Choi, H., Cho, Y., Yu, S., Song, Y. and Ryu, I. (2019). "Analysis of water circulation characteristics for hydraulic and water temperature investigation in Paldang reservoir." Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 12-22.
5
Fischer, H., List, E., Koh, R., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters. Academic Press, New York, NY, U.S., pp. 150-228.
6
Gaudet, J.M, and Roy, A.G. (1995). "Effect of bed morphology on flow mixing length at river confluences." Nature, Vol. 373, No. 6510, pp. 138-139. 10.1038/373138a0
7
Horna-Munoz, D., Constantinescu, G., Rhoads, B., Lewis, Q., and Sukhodolov, A. (2020). "Density effects at a concordant bed natural river confluence." Water Resources Research, Vol. 56, No. 4, e2019WR026217. 10.1029/2019WR026217
8
Kim, D. (2022). White paper of water resources. Gyenggi Water Resources Headquaters, p. 11.
9
Kim, J., Lee, S., Bang, H., and Hwang, S. (2009). "Characteristics of algae occurrence in Lake Paldang." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, Vol. 31, No, 5, pp. 325-331.
10
Kim, J., Park, J., No, H., and Han, M. (2002). "Changes of seasonal and vertical water quality in Soyang and Paldang River-reservoir system, Korea." Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp, 10-20.
11
Kong, D. (2018). "Phosphorus budget of a river reservoir, Paldang." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 34, No, 3, pp. 270-284.
12
Kong, D. (2019) "Evaluating effect of density flow from upstream on vertical distribution of water quality at the Paldang Reservoir." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 557-566.
13
Kong, D., Chung, I, Kim, S., Yang, H., Kim, S., Lee, H., Park, J., Kang, T., Kim, B., Park, H., Byeon, M., Chung, M., and Kim, S. (2007). Multidimensional analysis on material transport in lake Paldang (I). No. 2007-59-915, National Institute of Environmental Research, pp. 1-169.
14
Lane, S.N., Parsons, D.R., Best, J.L., Orfeo, O., Kostaschuk, R.A., and Hardy, R.J. (2008). "Causes of rapid mixing at a junction of two large rivers: Rio Parana and Rio Paraguay, Argentina." Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Vol. 113, No. F2, F02019. doi: 10.1029/2006jf000745 10.1029/2006JF000745
15
Martin, J., and McCutcheon, S. (1999). "Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality modeling." CRC Press, Inc., New York, NY, U.S., pp. 1-794.
16
Park, H., You, K., Lee, H., Byeon, M., Choi, M., Kim, Y., Kang, P., and Shin, Y. (2006). "Water quality and phyto-and zooplankton distribution in middle and downstream of Namhan-river." 2006 Spring Co-conference of the Korean Society on Water Environment and Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, pp. 696-705.
17
Rhoads, B.L., and Johnson, K.K. (2018). "Three-dimensional flow structure, morphodynamics, suspended sediment, and thermal mixing at an asymmetrical river confluence of a straight tributary and curving main channel." Geomorphology, Vol. 323, pp. 51-69. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.009
18
Ryu, I., Lee, B., Cho, Y., Choi, H., Shin, D., Kim, S., and Yu, S. (2020). "Analyzing flow variation and stratification of Paldang reservoir using high-frequency water temperature data." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 392-404.
19
Sin, J., Jo, J., Hwang, S., and Jo, G. (2000) "Eutrophication and water pollution characteristics of the Kyongan Stream to Paltang Reservoir." Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 387-394.
20
Wetzel, R.G. (2001). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. 3rd ed., Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, U.S., pp. 1-1006.
21
Xu, L., Yuan, S., Tang, H., Qiu, J., Xiao, Y., Whittaker, C., and Gualtieri, C. (2022). "Mixing dynamics at the large confluence between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake." Water Resources Research, Vol. 58, e2022WR032195. 10.1029/2022WR032195
Information
  • Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
  • Volume : 57
  • No :2
  • Pages :99-110
  • Received Date : 2023-10-09
  • Revised Date : 2024-01-23
  • Accepted Date : 2024-01-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2024.57.2.99
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea Water Resources Association Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
Online Submission
Archives
  • scopus
  • KCI-수자원
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close