A study on spatial onset characteristics of flash drought based on GLDAS evaporative stress in the Korean Peninsula

Minsun Kang; Jaehwan Jeong; Seulchan Lee; Minha Choi

doi:10.3741/JKWRA.2023.56.10.631

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2023 Vol.56, Issue 10 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

A study on spatial onset characteristics of flash drought based on GLDAS evaporative stress in the Korean Peninsula GLDAS 증발 스트레스 기반 한반도 돌발가뭄의 공간적 발생 특성 연구

31 October 2023. pp. 631-639

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Abstract

Flash drought (FD), characterized by the rapid onset and intensification, can significantly impact ecosystems and induce immediate water stress. A more comprehensive understanding of the causes and characteristics of FD events is required to enhance drought monitoring. Therefore, we investigated the FD events took place over the Korean peninsula using Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data from 2012 to 2022. We first detected FD events using the stress-based method (Standardized Evaporative Stress Ratio, SESR), and analyzed the frequency and duration of FDs. The FD events were classified into three cases based on the variations in Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) and potential Evapotranspiration (PET), and spatially analyzed. Results revealed that there are regional disparities in frequency and duration of FDs, with a mean frequency of 6.4 and duration of 31 days. When classified into Case 1 (normal condition), Case 2 (AET-driven), and Case 3 (PET-driven), we found that Case 2 FDs emerged approximately 1.5 times more frequently than those driven by PET (Case 3) across the Korean peninsula. Case 2 FDs were found to be induced under water-limited conditions, and led both AET and PET to be decreased. Conversely, Case 3 FDs occurred under energy-limited conditions, with increase in both. Case 2 FDs predominantly affected the northwestern and central-southern agricultural regions, while Case 3 occurred in the eastern region, characterized by forested land cover. These findings offers insights into our understanding of FDs over the Korean peninsula, considering climate factors, land cover, and water availability.

Keywords

Flash droughts

Standardized evaporative stress ratio

Evapotranspiration

GLDAS

돌발가뭄(Flash drought, FD)은 기존 가뭄과는 달리 급작스러운 발생이 대표적인 특징으로, 즉각적인 수분 스트레스를 유발하여 생태계에 주요한 영향을 미친다. 보다 효과적인 돌발가뭄의 모니터링을 위해서는 돌발가뭄의 특징과 원인에 대한 보다 종합적인 이해가 필요하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) 자료를 사용하여 2012년부터 2022년 사이 한반도 전역에서 발생한 돌발가뭄에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 스트레스 기반 탐지 기법인 표준 증발 스트레스 비율(Standardized Evaporative Stress Ratio, SESR)의 변화를 바탕으로 돌발가뭄을 탐지하였으며, 발생 빈도와 기간에 대해 분석하였다. 또한, 탐지된 돌발가뭄 사건들을 실제 증발산(Actual Evapotranspiration, AET)과 잠재 증발산(Potential Evapotranspiration, PET)의 변화를 기반으로 세 가지 케이스로 분류하였으며, 각 케이스 별 발생 특성 및 공간 분포에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 돌발가뭄의 발생 빈도와 기간에 지역적인 편차가 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 평균 빈도는 6.4회, 평균 발생 기간은 31일로 나타났다. 일반적인 돌발가뭄인 Case 1, AET의 감소가 주 원인이 되어 발생한 Case 2, PET의 증가에 의해 발생한 Case 3으로 돌발가뭄 사건들을 분류하였을 때, 한반도에서는 Case 1 돌발가뭄이 1,448건으로 가장 많이 발생했으며, Case 2 돌발가뭄이 Case 3 돌발가뭄보다 약 1.5배 더 많이 일어난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Case 2 돌발가뭄은 수분 제한 조건(water-limited condition)에서 발생하여 AET와 PET가 모두 감소하는 결과로 이어졌으며, Case 3 돌발가뭄은 에너지 제한 조건(energy-limited condition)에서 발생한 이후 AET와 PET가 모두 증가하였다. Case 2 돌발가뭄은 주로 북서부와 중남부에 위치한 농경지에 영향을 주었으며, Case 3 돌발가뭄은 산지에 해당하는 동부에서 집중적으로 발생하였다. 본 연구의 결과들은 기후 요소, 토지 피복 및 수분 가용성을 고려한, 돌발가뭄에 대한 이해를 돕고, 보다 효과적인 가뭄 대응 방안 수립에 기여할 수 있다.

키워드

돌발가뭄

표준 증발 스트레스 비율

증발산

GLDAS

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Information

Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
Volume : 56
No :10
Pages :631-639
Received Date : 2023-09-02
Revised Date : 2023-09-23
Accepted Date : 2023-10-04
DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2023.56.10.631

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association ISSN:2799-8746(Print) 2799-8754(Online) 한국수자원학회 논문집

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