Journal of Korea Water Resources Association ISSN:2799-8746(Print) 2799-8754(Online) 한국수자원학회 논문집

In this study, unit hydrographs are calculated when precipitations of 10 scales instantaneously occurs in a virtual watershed with a constant slope and roughness. Then, the relationship between the peak flow rate and the peak occurrence time of the unit hydrograph was calculated for the precipitation scale, respectively. At this time, the virtual watershed simplified with a rhombic shape, a constant slope, and a flow condition with a certain roughness was applied instead of a natural watershed in order to understand the effect the precipitation scale has on the peak value of the unit hydrograph. And it was assumed that the precipitation in the basin was effective rainfall and the runoff was direct runoff, and the runoff flowed in a straight, uniform flow from the drop point to the outlet. The relationship between the peak flow and the peak occurrence time of the unit hydrograph was calculated in the case of 10 types of precipitation scales of 10 mm, 40 mm, 90 mm, 160 mm, 250 mm, 360 mm, 640 mm, 1,000 mm, 1,210 mm, and 1,690 mm of effective precipitation. A noteworthy achievement of this study is that, even without the storage effect of the watershed, as the scale of precipitation increases, the depth of runoff increases, so the flow rate in the watershed increases and the distance per unit time increases, so the peak flow rate increases and the peak occurrence time increases. This is a nonlinear characteristic of watershed runoff.