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Research Article

Re-chlorination facility design to cope with virus intrusion in water distribution system

상수도 관망 내 바이러스 유입 대응을 위한 재염소 시설 설계

Beomjin Kima
,
Seungyub Leeb*
김 범진a
,
이 승엽b*
aMaster Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
bAssistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
a한남대학교 건설시스템공학과 석사과정
b한남대학교 건설시스템공학과 조교수
*Corresponding Author
30 April 2024. pp. 277-287
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Abstract

Water distribution system (WDS) is exposed to various water quality incidents during its operation. This study utilized Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) to analyze the risk associated with potential virus intrusion in WDSs. Additionally, the study determined the location and operation of rechlorination facilities to minimize potential risk. In addition, water quality resilience was calculated to confirm that the chlorine concentration maintains within the target range (0.1-1.0 mg/L) during normal operation. Hydraulic analysis was performed using EPANET, while EPANET-MSX was linked to simulate the reactions between viruses and chlorine. The proposed methodology was applied to the Bellingham network in the United States, where rechlorination facilities capable of injecting chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L were considered. Results indicated that without rechlorination facilities, the Average risk was 0.0154. However, installing rechlorination facilities and injecting chlorine at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L could reduce the Average risk to 39.1%. It was observed that excessive chlorine injection through rechlorination facilities reduced water quality resilience. Consequently, a rechlorination facility with a concentration of 0.5 mg/L was selected, resulting in a reduction of approximately 20% in average risk. This study provides insights for designing rechlorination facilities to enhance preparedness against potential virus ingress in the future.

Keywords
Water distribution system
Virus intrusion
Risk analysis
Rechlorination
Equity

상수도 관망은 운영 중 다양한 수질 사고 발생 위험요소에 노출되어 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 수질 사고 위험요소 중 상수도 관망 내로의 바이러스 유입에 따른 위험도 평가 방법론을 제시하고, 이를 활용하여 위험도를 최소화할 수 있는 재염소 시설의 위치와 운영에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 위험도 평가를 위해 QMRA (Quantitative Microbial Risk assessment)를 적용하였으며, 염소 농도에 따른 Water Quality Resilience를 정의하여 바이러스가 유입되지 않은 정상 운영 상황과 바이러스가 유입된 비정상 상황에서 염소 농도가 목표 범위(0.1-1.0 mg/L)내 운영되는지 여부를 정량적으로 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 바이러스와 염소간의 반응을 고려해야 하기에, 다양한 수질인자를 고려할 수 있는 EPANET-MSX를 활용하여 수리 및 수질 분석을 수행하였다. 제안한 방법론은 미국의 Bellingham의 관망에 적용하였으며, 재염소 시설의 경우 0.5 mg/L부터 1.0 mg/L까지 주입 가능한 것으로 하였다. 적용 결과 재염소 시설이 없는 경우 Average risk가 0.0154이었으며, 재염소 시설 설치 후 1.0 mg/L의 농도로 주입 시 39.1%의 Average risk를 저감할 수 있었다. 다만, 재염소 시설을 통한 과도한 염소 주입은 Water Quality Resilience를 저감하여, 최종적으로 0.5 mg/L의 재염소 시설을 선정하였으며, 이를 활용하여 20% 가량의 Average risk 저감이 가능함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 잠재적 바이러스 유입에 대비한 재염소 시설의 설계에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

키워드
상수도 관망
바이러스
위험도 분석
재염소 시설
염소 균등화
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
  • Volume : 57
  • No :4
  • Pages :277-287
  • Received Date : 2024-03-14
  • Revised Date : 2024-04-05
  • Accepted Date : 2024-04-09
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2024.57.4.277
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