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2025 Vol.58, Issue 3

Review

Modeling of flow resistance due to vegetation: a state-of-the-art review

식생 흐름저항의 모형화 연구 – 연혁 및 최근 연구동향

Hyoseop Wooa
,
Un Jibc*
,
Sung-Uk Choid
우 효섭a
,
지 운bc*
,
최 성욱d
aVisiting Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
bResearch Fellow, Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, Korea
cProfessor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Goyang, Korea
dProfessor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
a연세대학교 건설환경공학과 객원교수
b한국건설기술연구원 수자원하천연구본부 연구위원
c과학기술연합대학원대학교 건설환경공학 교수
d연세대학교 건설환경공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 March 2025. pp. 193-207
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study comprehensively reviews international and domestic studies on flow resistance due to vegetation that grows naturally or is artificially planted in rivers and presents the research history and achievements, limitations, and further research direction. To this end, as much as possible, we reviewed the related research from Cowan's in the 1950s to the early 2020s. We classified those studies into 1) the empirical method, 2) the analytical method, and 3) the numerical method of turbulence. In domestic research, we reviewed the flume experiments using herbaceous plants and methods for evaluating the vegetative flow resistance for existing river flow models. The graphical method has been used for nearly 100 years. Despite its inherent uncertainty, it will continue to be used in domestic and international practice unless there is a clear alternative. In the analytical method, formulas that seem relatively reliable for each vegetative flow condition are presented in this study. Turbulence analysis methods do not overcome the inherent limitations of the models and are limited in practice. Most herbaceous plants in the vegetated rivers in Korea are reeds and dandelions; some are Foxtail fountain grass and sedges. In this case, the roughness coefficient can be determined by referring to existing literature with previous research results as the upper limit. In Korea, most woody plants are composed of shrub/tree-like willows, which are of priority in flood management. For this, the formulas recommended in this study can be adopted. Finally, although there are some cases in which single or similar herbaceous species are widely distributed as matrices in the rivers, many of the vegetation are irregularly distributed in patches. The patch-reach approach is desirable for this.

Keywords
Emergent/submerged vegetation
Flow resistance
Rigid/flexible vegetation
Riparian vegetation
Roughness coefficient

본 연구는 하천에 자생하거나 인위적으로 심은 식생에 의한 흐름저항에 관한 국내외 연구를 종합적으로 검토하여 연구 연혁 및 성과, 한계 및 추가 연구방향 등을 제시한다. 이를 위해 1950년대 Cowan의 연구부터 시작하여 2020년대 초반까지 관련 연구성과를 최대한 검토하여 그 동안의 연구를 1) 경험적 방법, 2) 해석적 방법, 3) 난류수치해석 방법 등으로 구분하였다. 국내연구로 초본류를 이용한 실내 수로실험 성과 및 기존 하천흐름모형 적용을 위한 식생 흐름저항 평가방법에 대해 검토하였다. 도표식 방법은 근 100년 가까이 쓰인 방법으로서 내재적 불확실성에도 불구하고 확실한 대안이 없는 한 국내외 실무에서 당분간 계속 쓰일 것이다. 해석적 방법에서는 각각의 식생흐름 조건 별 상대적으로 신뢰가 높아 보이는 공식을 본 연구에서 제시하였다. 난류해석 방법은 각각의 모형이 가지는 본질적인 한계를 극복하고 실무에 안정적으로 이용할 수 있는 기법이 아직은 유효하지 않다. 국내 식생하천의 초본류는 갈대, 달뿌리풀이 대부분이며, 일부 수크령, 사초류 등이 있으며, 이 경우 조도계수는 이전 연구결과를 상한치로 하여 기존 자료를 참조하여 결정할 수 있을 것이다. 목본류의 경우 대부분 관목성/교목성 버드나무류로 구성되어 있으며 홍수관리 차원에서 중요하며, 이에 대해서는 본 연구에서 추천된 방법을 채택할 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로, 국내하천에 단일, 또는 유사종의 초본류 식생이 매트릭스(바탕) 형태로 널리 분포하는 경우도 일부 있지만 상당부분 패치(조각) 형태의 식생이 하천에 불규칙하게 분포하는 경우가 많다. 이에 대한 접근은 식생의 패치 규모 또는 구간 규모의 접근법이 바람직하다.

키워드
정수(수면상)/침수(수면하) 식생
흐름저항
단단한/유연한 식생
수변식생
조도계수
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
  • Volume : 58
  • No :3
  • Pages :193-207
  • Received Date : 2024-12-27
  • Revised Date : 2025-01-14
  • Accepted Date : 2025-01-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2025.58.3.193
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korea Water Resources Association Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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