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2025 Vol.58, Issue 12 Preview Page

Research Article

Evaluation of scattering efficiency and suspended sediment concentration accuracy for fine sediments using acoustic backscatter intensity: Validation based on a full-scale river experimental flume

초음파 산란도를 활용한 세립질 부유사 산란 효율 및 부유사 농도 산정 정확도 평가: 실규모 하천 실험 수로 기반 검증

Boseong Jeonga
,
Dongsu Kimb*
,
Suin Choic
,
Seogyeong Leed
,
Yongmuk Kange
정 보성a
,
김 동수b*
,
최 수인c
,
이 서경d
,
강 용묵e
aMaster’s Course, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
bProfessor, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
cPh.D Course, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
dPh.D Course, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
ePh.D Course, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea
a단국대학교 토목환경공학과 석사과정
b단국대학교 토목환경공학과 교수
c단국대학교 토목환경공학과 박사과정
d단국대학교 토목환경공학과 박사과정
e단국대학교 토목환경공학과 박사과정
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 1409-1423
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Abstract

This study comparatively evaluated the scattering characteristics and accuracy of suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC) estimation for fine sediment by operating a SonTek ADCP M9 and an AQUAscat 1000R in parallel at the steep-slope channel of the KICT Andong River Experiment Center, using a LISST-200X as reference. The analysis of frequency-particle-size dependency revealed that 2.5-5 MHz (ABS) and 3 MHz (ADCP) provided stable detection within the Rayleigh regime. Both instruments consistently captured the spatio-temporal SSC distribution under yellow loess and mixed-sediment conditions, showing high agreement with LISST-200X (R2=0.85-0.95). Quantitatively, errors were MAPE 13-54% and PBIAS -3.6 to +4.6% for the loess case, and MAPE 6-8% and PBIAS -2.0 to +2.1% for the mixed case. While AQUAscat-based particle-size estimates showed differences from LISST-200X, they were effective for qualitatively identifying particle-size trends during plume passage. The findings provide practical guidance on effective frequency bands, attenuation and near-field corrections, and integration of independent particle-size data for river applications, and they motivate expansion to broader grain-size/SSC regimes and multi-frequency operations.

Keywords
ADCP M9
AquaSCAT 1000R
Fine sediment
Backscatter

본 연구는 한국건설기술연구원 안동하천실센터 급경사수로에서 SonTek ADCP M9과 AquaSCAT 1000R을 병행 운용하여 세립질 부유사의 산란 특성과 농도(SSC) 산정 정확도를 LISST-200X(기준값)와 비교 평가하였다. 주파수-입경 의존성 분석 결과, 레일리 영역에서는 2.5-5 MHz와 3 MHz가 안정적인 탐지 성능을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 두 장비는 황토 단독 및 혼합토 실험 조건 모두에서 부유사의 시간·공간 분포를 일관되게 포착하였으며, SSC 상관성은 R2=0.85-0.95 수준이었다. 정량 오차는 황토 조건에서 MAPE 13-54%, PBIAS -3.6~+4.6%였고 혼합토 조건에서 MAPE 6-8%, PBIAS -2.0~+2.1%로 확인되어 높은 상관성과 허용 가능한 오차 범위를 동반하였다. 또한 AquaSCAT 1000R의 입경 산정은 LISST-200X 대비 정량 차이가 있으나 통과 과정의 입경 변화 경향을 정성적으로 규명하는 데 유효했다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 하천 적용을 위한 유효 주파수 대역, 감쇠·근거리 보정, 입경 정보 결합의 실무 기준을 제시하며, 향후 다양한 입도·농도 조건 및 다중 주파수 운용으로의 확대를 제안한다.

키워드
ADCP M9
AquaSCAT 1000R
세립질 부유사
후방산란 강도
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Information
  • Publisher :KOREA WATER RESOURECES ASSOCIATION
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국수자원학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국수자원학회 논문집
  • Volume : 58
  • No :12
  • Pages :1409-1423
  • Received Date : 2025-10-31
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-24
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-25
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2025.58.12.1409
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